Researchers in Germany have successfully created a nasal vaccine that can stop Covid-19 from taking hold in the nose and throat, where it initially infects the body. In hamster studies, two doses of the weakened live virus vaccine showed "sterilizing immunity" and prevented illness. The researchers believe their approach may be more effective than current vaccines.
The new vaccine targets mucosal immunity, boosting the immune system's defenses in the tissues lining the upper airways. This is a key area where the virus enters the body. The idea is to create a firewall that prevents the virus from spreading and causing infection.
A similar concept has been used in other diseases, such as measles, mumps and rubella, where live attenuated viruses are used to stimulate an immune response. However, there are concerns about the safety of these vaccines for people with weakened immunity.
The German team's vaccine is made by manipulating the genetic material of the virus to make it harder for cells to translate, effectively rendering it harmless while still allowing the immune system to recognize and fight it off. This approach has been around since the 1870s and has shown promise in treating diseases such as anthrax and rabies.
The researchers tested their vaccine in hamsters before moving on to more complex trials, including those with other variants of the Covid-19 virus. While further testing is needed, the results are encouraging, with two doses showing significantly better immunity than mRNA-based vaccines or one that uses an adenovirus to deliver the instructions to cells.
Other nasal vaccines are already in use or nearing completion in clinical trials, but they rely on adenoviruses to ferry their instructions into cells. It's unclear how effective these will be.
A total of four nasal vaccines for Covid-19 are currently undergoing late-stage testing, according to the World Health Organization. Two other nasal vaccines, one produced cheaply using chicken eggs and another developed by Codagenix, are also in human trials.
The new vaccine targets mucosal immunity, boosting the immune system's defenses in the tissues lining the upper airways. This is a key area where the virus enters the body. The idea is to create a firewall that prevents the virus from spreading and causing infection.
A similar concept has been used in other diseases, such as measles, mumps and rubella, where live attenuated viruses are used to stimulate an immune response. However, there are concerns about the safety of these vaccines for people with weakened immunity.
The German team's vaccine is made by manipulating the genetic material of the virus to make it harder for cells to translate, effectively rendering it harmless while still allowing the immune system to recognize and fight it off. This approach has been around since the 1870s and has shown promise in treating diseases such as anthrax and rabies.
The researchers tested their vaccine in hamsters before moving on to more complex trials, including those with other variants of the Covid-19 virus. While further testing is needed, the results are encouraging, with two doses showing significantly better immunity than mRNA-based vaccines or one that uses an adenovirus to deliver the instructions to cells.
Other nasal vaccines are already in use or nearing completion in clinical trials, but they rely on adenoviruses to ferry their instructions into cells. It's unclear how effective these will be.
A total of four nasal vaccines for Covid-19 are currently undergoing late-stage testing, according to the World Health Organization. Two other nasal vaccines, one produced cheaply using chicken eggs and another developed by Codagenix, are also in human trials.