Scientists in Germany have made significant breakthroughs in developing a nasal vaccine that could potentially shut down a Covid-19 infection before it even begins to cause symptoms. In experiments conducted on hamsters, the new vaccine was found to be highly effective at preventing illness and achieving "sterilizing immunity". The vaccine works by using a live but weakened form of the coronavirus, which is then introduced into the nasal tissues.
The approach taken by the German researchers has been shown to work significantly better than other types of vaccines, including mRNA-based vaccines. In hamster studies, two doses of the nasal vaccine created a much stronger immune response than either two doses of an mRNA-based vaccine or one that uses an adenovirus to ferry the vaccine instructions into cells.
The vaccine's effectiveness is thought to be due to its ability to closely mimic the natural process of infection, which allows it to induce mucosal immunity - the body's defense against viruses and other pathogens. This type of immunity is long-lasting and provides protection against a wide range of targets on the virus.
However, despite these promising results, caution is warranted. The vaccine still needs to undergo more testing before it can be approved for use in humans. Additionally, researchers are concerned that respiratory infections remain a tough target for inhaled vaccines, and the effectiveness of this new approach may depend on its ability to overcome these challenges.
The development of nasal vaccines has been a promising area of research, with several other candidates reaching late-stage testing in people around the world. The German vaccine is one of four nasal vaccines currently undergoing clinical trials, with results from another study, led by Codagenix, expected later this year.
While the prospect of a pan-coronavirus vaccine that induces mucosal immunity and is long-lived may seem like science fiction, it has been a goal of researchers since the early days of vaccination. The development of vaccines against measles, mumps and rubella using live attenuated viruses demonstrates that this approach can be effective in certain contexts.
However, even with these promising results, there are concerns about the safety of live vaccines for people with compromised immunity. "Although it's strongly attenuated, it's still a real virus," says Emanuel Wyler, one of the researchers behind the new vaccine. "It would have to be used carefully."
The approach taken by the German researchers has been shown to work significantly better than other types of vaccines, including mRNA-based vaccines. In hamster studies, two doses of the nasal vaccine created a much stronger immune response than either two doses of an mRNA-based vaccine or one that uses an adenovirus to ferry the vaccine instructions into cells.
The vaccine's effectiveness is thought to be due to its ability to closely mimic the natural process of infection, which allows it to induce mucosal immunity - the body's defense against viruses and other pathogens. This type of immunity is long-lasting and provides protection against a wide range of targets on the virus.
However, despite these promising results, caution is warranted. The vaccine still needs to undergo more testing before it can be approved for use in humans. Additionally, researchers are concerned that respiratory infections remain a tough target for inhaled vaccines, and the effectiveness of this new approach may depend on its ability to overcome these challenges.
The development of nasal vaccines has been a promising area of research, with several other candidates reaching late-stage testing in people around the world. The German vaccine is one of four nasal vaccines currently undergoing clinical trials, with results from another study, led by Codagenix, expected later this year.
While the prospect of a pan-coronavirus vaccine that induces mucosal immunity and is long-lived may seem like science fiction, it has been a goal of researchers since the early days of vaccination. The development of vaccines against measles, mumps and rubella using live attenuated viruses demonstrates that this approach can be effective in certain contexts.
However, even with these promising results, there are concerns about the safety of live vaccines for people with compromised immunity. "Although it's strongly attenuated, it's still a real virus," says Emanuel Wyler, one of the researchers behind the new vaccine. "It would have to be used carefully."